Exposure To Social Violence - 1134 Words

To our knowledge, this is the first study in Tunisia and North Africa that explores the relationship between exposure to social violence and the adverse obstetrical outcomes. Our results demonstrate that exposure to social violence, which happened during the first 18 years of a woman’s life, influence her later life and wellbeing including her reproductive health, pointed out in our analysis as preterm birth, low birth weight, and acute fetal distress. The more social ACEs that women experienced, the greater were their risks of presenting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results showed that exposure to social ACEs and negative pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight and fetal distress) were not mediated by mental health status of the pregnant†¦show more content†¦We extend this body of literature to show that exposure to a wide variety of social violence, including exposure to collective as well as peer and community violence, was not only associated with depression durin g pregnancy, but also predicted birth outcomes. Regarding collective violence, there is growing evidence of increasing mental health problems among children living in conditions of war and military violence (50). In fact, two studies conducted among Palestinian children showed that children living in war zones are at high risk of developing different types of psychopathology, predominantly post-traumatic stress disorder, which is commonly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders mainly major depression (51,52). However, our study is the first to assess the impact of exposure to all forms of social violence, including collective violence, on the fetal development of children. It is well established that the mother’s mental health status is tightly linked to the pregnancy outcomes and the postnatal period. Some studies (53,18 ,55) have has demonstrated that women with prenatal depressive disorders are more likely to have pregnancy complications such as low birth weight infants, and preterm delivery in comparison with women without such prenatal depressive disorders. Seng et al. (56) have shown that there is an association between PTSD and the adverse pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight and preterm birth) and that the effect is much more marked among womenShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence 979 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult partners. Sadly, it has been estimated that every year between 3.3 and ten million children are exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). Accordi ng to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr (1999): â€Å"Exposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to intervene or callingRead MoreEffects of Violence on Adolescence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence is a malicious act done by a human being that has the intention of harming or killing another living being. Violence is everywhere: in the home, in the school, and in the community. Violence causes negative effects to humans’ mental health. These negative effects may trigger symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and even anxiety. Symptoms of these disorders can be some of the following: anxiousness, avoidant behavior, feeling a loss of motivation, and feeling of uneasinessRead MoreLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence948 Words   |  4 PagesLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence effects everybody in a family. Patterns of abuse from one parent to another, between both parents or directed toward a child all have a composite effect of inflicting potentially severe emotional damage upon the child. The research outlined here identifies domestic violence as a serious sociological problem and consequently provides a usable definition of domestic violence for the present study. This is followedRead MoreSocial Aggression : Interpersonal Relationships, Social Goals, And Self Image1137 Words   |  5 PagesSocial aggression harms one’s interpersonal relationships, social goals, and self-image. As Crick, Bigbee and Howes’s survey (1996, as cited in Martins Wilsons, 2012) showed, the social aggression is more frequently used among girls, since it can effectively damage girls’ social goals. Two theoretical explanations are provided for social aggression: social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2009, as cited in Martins Wilsons, 2012) and information processing theory (Huesmann, 1998, as cited in MartinsRead MoreThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence854 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult intimate partners. It has been estimated that every year there are about 3.3 to 10 million children exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). According to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr(1999): â€Å"[e]xposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to intervene or callingRead MoreEssay about The Media And Violence979 Words   |  4 Pages The debate regarding the medias relationship to violence in society has been a hot issue for most of the past century. From the beginning of the wide use of mass media, from films to radio to television, researchers have tried to explain any association or correlation between media effects and violence. Of particular interest and concern has been the issue of violence in the media and the impact that this has on children. Although important research efforts have increased our understanding ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Today s Society1518 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes social media websites such as Twitter and Instagram, movies, television, and news broadcasting programs. Television, however, plays arguably the largest role in influencing adolescents in today’s society. According to Marina Krcmar and Kathryn Green, â€Å"Viewing of violent television and interest in television violence has been linked to a host of antisocial behaviors such as increased aggr ession, decreased sensitivity to violence and the suffering experienced by the victims of violence, and anRead MoreBandura s Social Learning Theory And Attachment Theory1260 Words   |  6 PagesQuestions 1: Social Learning Theory and Attachment Theory Bandura’s social learning theory and Bowlby’s attachment theory. Each of these theories has similarities and distinctions regarding the mechanisms that underlie the impact of child abuse. This essay will examine these competing theories to determine which mechanisms are most strongly supported for families at high risk for child abuse and/or neglect (Begle, Dumas Hanson, 2010). Social Learning Theory Social learning theory suggests thatRead MoreLiterature Review On Media Violence1461 Words   |  6 PagesTrends across research suggest exposure to media violence positively correlates with subsequent violent behaviour In this era of internet connectivity, access to an array of violent media stimuli is readily available. Scientific exploration of the effects of such exposure on real world violent behaviour carries potential ramifications for the safety of global communities. Media violence is understood here as stimuli that includes depictions of violence or calls to violent action andRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can also

Accommodation Food Services Industry Sheet -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Accommodation Food Services Industry Sheet? Answer: Introduction Marketing is considered as the basic pillar of any business organisation and the primary determinant of the success of an organisation regardless of the industry it operates in. The marketing process of a business is controlled by two major environmental factors that are internal and external. Internal environment of an organisation is consisted of the primary stakeholders involved, whereas, the external environment can again be divided into two major segments that are micro and macro (Kumar, Rahman Kazmi, 2013). The report will be focusing on the macro environmental factors that are considered as uncontrollable as the managers are unable to modify or regulate the macro environmental factors. These factors plays active role in determining the success of a business. The managers are responsible for altering the business operations accordingly to the external forces for attaining competitive advantage in the market. The focus will be given on the contemporary hospitality industry of A ustralia. The forces that will be investigated are political and legal, social-cultural, economic, technological, demographic and competition (Gupta, 2013). The focus of the report will be narrowed down to the hotel industry of Australia that is the primary part of the contemporary hospitality industry for better understanding the forces and its impact on the organisations. Macro Environmental Analysis Macro environmental analysis is the study of the external uncontrollable forces that determines the competitiveness of an organisation in a particular market. Managers often uses PESTLE analysis tool for understanding the possible nature of the macro environment. The PESTLE stands for political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental factors (Ho, 2014). However, managers changes the components according to their requirement of knowledge. The domestic and international factors that will be used for understanding the macro environment of contemporary hospitality industry of Australia are Demographic, economic, competition, society and culture, political and legal and technology. Demographic Slow but steady demographic change in the Australian population resulted into multiculturalism. There is a significant rise in the Asian and Middle Eastern population within Australian brings considerably change in the culture and shifts the taste towards a multicultural approach (Hugo, 2013). This makes it necessary for the hospitality organisation to take similar approach for being competitive. However, this facilitates them in addressing a multicultural international tourist. Hence, requirement of both the primary target population becomes similar. However, it makes it difficult for the organisations to cope up with the change, as it is cost effective. Economic Purchasing power per capita of Australian population reflects a figure of $44414 USD that is significantly high and represents the disposable income of the population (tradingeconomics.com, 2018). This represents a stable economic condition of Australian population, which is beneficial for the hospitality industry. Moreover, economic growth of the world provides suitable situation for the Australian hospitality organisation to flourish in the present and upcoming years. Competition Competition in the hospitality industry is considerably high due to the presence of greater number competitors in the market. Moreover, the similar services provided to the customers increases the tension in the competition. This tension increased in recent times due to the expansion of the international organisation in the Australian territory. Society and Culture The industry has to entertain a large number of international customers that can be considered as the primary source of profit along with significant domestic travellers. Moreover, increasing globalisation resulting into cross-cultural population requires the organisations for setting international customer service and accommodation (Yu, Byun Lee, 2014). On to it, the constantly changing trend in the customers lifestyle demanding constant modification of the service provided. This put Australian hospitality organisation under severe pressure for copping up with the shift in trend for gaining competitive advantage. Political and Legal Stable political scenario has positive impact on the contemporary hospitality industry of Australia and supported in attraction of international travellers. Australian commonwealth government has set some key legislative acts that governs the service quality of the industry that are competition and consumer act 2010, Australian consumer law and National trade measurement legislation (business.gov.au, 2018). CCA communicates the relationship between all the mediators of hospitality service provides securing the fair-trading and competition around the nation (accc.gov.au, 2018). Australian consumer law makes it mandatory for the hospitality organisation to provide equal benefits to the customers irrespective of state (consumerlaw.gov.au, 2018). National measurement act lastly safeguards the uniform use of the units and standards around the country, which provides equal opportunity for the hospitality organisation that ultimately ensures the quality of the products delivered to the cust omers (measurement.gov.au, 2018). Moreover, GST and tax concessions set by the government ensures fair price for the products being delivered that ensures fair competition in the market. Technology Technological adaptation in hospitality industry is dependent on the technological advancement of the target customers and the willingness to pay for the services. Australia is one of the holiday destinations for the international customers that put the hospitality organisation under pressure for constantly upgrading their technological support for getting competitive advantage in the market (Wang et al, 2016). This requires them to set international standards for their technological adaptation for both attracting and supporting the customers needs. On to it, their promotion and booking is also largely dependent on the modern technology and requires the use of social networking, online activities, online presence and involvement of third party booking agencies (Leung et al, 2013). Moreover, the technological advancement of the domestic market also expects the organisations to adopt updated technologies in their business operations. Conclusion The above macro environmental analysis of Australia for the contemporary hospitality industry communicates the appropriate nature of the market enjoyed by the organisations. The political and legal factors promote and entertain tourism within Australia that plays profitable for the hospitality industry. The fair act of the nation ensures the quality of services provided by the organisations. This helps the organisations enjoy similar benefits for the similar quality products being delivered to the customers. Moreover, technological advancement of the country also facilitates in attracting customers from both national and international target market. Technological advancement further helps adopting digital media marketing, which further helps in addressing the international customers as the services offered are communicated through various digital modes to its target market. Moreover, technological integration in the business helps both serving the customers with greater efficiency an d understanding their experiences through online feedback system. The society and culture also have positive impact and facilitates the industry to grow over the market. This however, has a negative stance due to the multiculturalism. The multicultural customers create the need of having diversified products for addressing the diversified need. However, with increasing number of international organisation expanding their reach in the Australian market facilitates in creating competitive market. The economic and demographic factors on the other hand help reducing the tension and provide the customers a wide range of products and services that helps every organisation to have its share in the market. Reference accc.gov.au. (2018). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://www.accc.gov.au/about-us/australian-competition-consumer-commission/legislation business.gov.au. (2018). Accommodation and food services industry fact sheet. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/industry-research/accommodation-and-food-services-industry-fact-sheet consumerlaw.gov.au. (2018).Resources and guides Australian Consumer Law. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://consumerlaw.gov.au/business-and-the-acl/ Gupta, A. (2013). Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment.Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities,1(2), 13-17. Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), 6478-6492. Hugo, G. (2013). The changing demographics of Australia over the last 30 years.Australasian journal on ageing,32(S2), 18-27. Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., Kazmi, A. A. (2013). Sustainability marketing strategy: an analysis of recent literature.Global Business Review,14(4), 601-625. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H., Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 3-22. measurement.gov.au. (2018). Measurement Legislation. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://measurement.gov.au/measurementsystem/Pages/MeasurementLegislation.aspx tradingeconomics.com. (2018). Australia GDP per capita PPP. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-per-capita-ppp Wang, Y. S., Li, H. T., Li, C. R., Zhang, D. Z. (2016). Factors affecting hotels' adoption of mobile reservation systems: A technology-organization-environment framework.Tourism Management,53, 163-172. Yu, Y., Byun, W. H., Lee, T. J. (2014). Critical issues of globalisation in the international hotel industry.Current Issues in Tourism,17(2), 114-118.

Police Brutality Essays (1188 words) - Human Rights Abuses

Police Brutality Unfortunately, nowadays the people who are supposed to protect us and help us when we are in need, can't be trusted. Police brutality has always been a problem, but there's been a dramatic rise in police murders and brutalization of citizens. Police Brutality is anything from harassment from a police officer to being murdered by one. Ayo Martini; Live chat room, 10/27/99 www.mtv.com Of course, harassment is much more common than being murdered by a police officer. Here are some cases of police brutality that have occurred in the past year or two. Will Smith, a famous actor and rapper is pulled over once a week. When he asks the officers why he's being pulled over, they simply answer because he is black and he has a nice car. Young people get followed constantly, just because the officer wants to make sure they aren't getting into any trouble. Unfortunately, these problems are nothing compared to these next cases. Prisoners are put to death, only after they have been strapped to restraints for hours. They were made to suffer before they were killed. A young women was in a diabetic coma in her car. She was shot at and killed because the police felt threatened by her. A young man, sitting in his car with guns pointed at him from every direction was forced to put his hands in the air. When he did so he was shot to death because an officer thought he saw a gun. This 18 year old was innocent and unarmed. Four police officers approached a man's door in search for a suspected rapist. Even though this man was innocent and unarmed, he was shot at 41 times and killed. At least two police officers tortured a Haitian immigrant by driving the handle of a toilet plunger into his rectum and punctured his small intestine. Then they put the plunger in his mouth and called him a racial name and said they'd kill him if he said anything. The most famous of all police brutality cases is, of course, Rodney King's case. On March 3, 1991, four Los Angeles police officers beat Rodney King as eleven other officers stood by watching. Rodney King was in a high-speed car chase with the officers, when his car was finally stopped, he hesitated to get out of his car. When he did, he was said to jump at the officers. He was hit by two darts from a stun gun, which didn't seem to work. Rodney King still refused to obey the officers and lie flat on the ground. But, in less than two minutes, he was hit with 56 baton blows and kicked six times. He suffered from eleven skull fractures, brain damage, broken bones, knocked out teeth and kidney damage. Also, emotional and physical trauma. Not in all cases are the victims of police brutality innocent, obviously, as you can see in Rodney Kings case. But no matter how rude or uncoopitive a suspect is being, this extreme force from officers should not be used. Another case comes from the other side. This one is about a man named Mumia Abu-Jamal. In 1982, he was protecting himself and his brother from the brutal force of a police officer. Mumia Abu-Jamal shot a police officer to protect himself. He was sentenced to the death penalty. When a police officer murders a man to protect himself, he walks free because it's all part of his job. Police have been questioned about why there is so much of this happening. Some say they are just doing their job. Isn't their job to serve and protect? They have also said that it's because they are under so much pressure. Another excuse given is that being a police officer is the most dangerous job in America, and they are just in fear for their own lives. But according to the New York commissioner of police, the average police officer is never going to draw his gun during his entire career. A police officer is at half risk of death and injury on the job than is a farmer, truck driver or logger and considerably less than a heavy-construction worker, roofer or coal miner. An officer

How Women Can Navigate Male-Dominated Fields

How Women Can Navigate Male-Dominated Fields Who run the world? You know the answer. Women aren’t just phenomenal mothers, wives, daughters, sisters and friends any longer - they’re also must-have experts in the work environments that were once dominated by men. And while it’s taking some industries longer than others to catch up, it’s worth noting that progress has been made. Diverse workplaces benefit the employer, staff, and the consumer in a number of ways. Employers have access to their employees’ varied outlooks, broad backgrounds and creativity in problem solving. And as women take on challenging roles in once male-dominated niches, they’re learning how to navigate a predominantly male-influenced field. In doing so, they’re helping brands discover how to make the environment hospitable to more diverse populations and how to make products that speak to varied consumers. This is perhaps most noteworthy in career paths in the STEM sector.In tech, for example, women are chang ing their work landscape for the better. After all, women aren’t just working in tech fields. Women are also tech users. Having women in product development and marketing leads to better insights into how to attract and keep female customers. It also helps tech companies gain insights as to what products women need. â€Å"Hiring for diversity means onboarding different methods and strategies of thinking, as well as the increased capability to understand the pain points of all members of your target demographic,† write the experts at Mondo. When you have a diverse staff, you’re more able to meet the needs of new users, or better solve problems in your own organization.There is of course still a long way to go. In cybersecurity for example, women have made a huge impact but still make up only 11 percent of the workforce. The reasons for this are abundant, of course. Fewer women graduate with STEM degrees due to a number of factors, ranging from socialization to ge nder bias, to discrimination. But the problem exists in the workplace itself as well. Many women report having to endure a workplace environment that is akin to a â€Å"good ol’ boys club,† are expected to work long hours that are not conducive to raising a family, and experience derogatory and sexist comments in the workplace. â€Å"Corporate culture is often less accessible to women for very clear historical reasons: the modern workplace was built around the assumption of a nuclear family with a working father and a stay-at-home mom, and for as much as our society has changed, that model is still assumed in workplaces across America,† Liz Elting writes for Forbes. â€Å"The result is a culture that excludes all but a specific type of employee and isn’t actually good for anyone.†While it’s not up to women to single-handedly upend systems that are centuries old, there are many things women can do to make their workplaces more hospitable. So how can women best navigate their day-to-day participation in male-dominated fields?Seek out other women for supportFirst, it’s important that women seek out others in their industry and in their specific job to connect with. Part of the reasons that â€Å"boys clubs† still exist because they offer a valuable asset: solidarity. Boys clubs offer professional support, opportunities for advancement, mentorship, and so much more- all of which are worthwhile and useful to women in the workplace.While you shouldn’t sequester yourself completely, it’s highly valuable to be around like-minded women who are going through the same experiences as you are who can offer these same kinds of benefits- though it’s certainly easier said than done. â€Å"[This] requires support from the company’s female leadership such as it exists,† Elting continues. â€Å"But if you can enlist the right members of management or executive teams, you can begin structu ring your own ‘girls’ club,’ so to speak, that provides women with our own professional opportunities.†Elting elaborates by noting that while this might seem like a forced action, it’s important to remember that these boys clubs don’t exist by accident. â€Å"They are power structures that were constructed to ensure a certain kind of person rises to the top: someone who is ‘one of them.’† Therefore, it only makes sense that while these structures exist in the workplace, that women create the same opportunities for mentorship and advancement themselves.Advocate for a better work/life balanceAs Elting said, many of these male-dominated environments still operate under the assumptions that men are the primary breadwinners in their families. For women with families and work lives, this can cause a problem. In a recent survey by the career site Indeed, work-life balance was was cited by 14.4 percent of respondents as a reason th ey chose to leave their respective industries. An additional 2.3 percent noted that inadequate parental leave policies forced them to find new lines of work. Of those who already have children, 28 percent of women believe they’ve been passed up for advancements in their careers because they’re a parent with outside responsibilities. Advocating for more inclusive work policies, such as flexible scheduling, better child care services, maternity leave, and more can help groups of women keep their positions and advance in the workforce. Companies, of course, can work to create these kinds of policies on their own, and it’s been proven to work. Tech company Alibaba has a workforce made up of more than 40 percent women, and six of the company’s founders were female. In 2018, Bank of America was a winner of the AnitaB.org Top Companies for Women Technologists award. IBM has been hiring women since 1899, and they were a winner of the 2018 Catalyst Award, honoring their role in helping women advance in business.By creating cultures of diversity in their workplaces, companies, their employees, and their customers all benefit. Amplifying these diverse voices and supporting those who have previously been unheard in these industries will create bountiful opportunities for generations to come.About the Author: Jori Hamilton is a writer from the Pacific Northwest who has a particular interest in social justice, politics, education, healthcare, technology, and more. You can follow her on twitter @ HamiltonJori.

The Ruthlessness in King Harald's Saga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Ruthlessness in King Harald's Saga - Essay Example Indeed, it would be easiest to show Harold’s ruthlessness and cruelty towards those whom he fought and conquered, as his Viking blood would often boil and he could not resist killing and maiming those whom he beat in battle. But King Harold’s true ruthlessness and inhumanity showed through in his treatment of his own subjects who did not do exactly as he wanted, his unending desire to plunder and terrorize neighboring kingdoms (like that of the Danes to his south), and continuing efforts to own to expand his ruling empire to lands far from his native Norway. King Harold of Norway served as a transitionary figure, wedged between a barbaric Europe which crawled out of the early Middle Ages--filled with Viking plundering and horrific feats of violence against the people of mainland Europe and what is now Great Britain--into a new era away from the senseless and violent plundering of the Nordic tribes into a honor and land-based fealty hierarchy of rule. King Harold would u ltimately meet his doom on the battlefield in his final quest to expand his empire. The last of the feared Scandinavian kings of northern Europe (Sturluson 2005, 9), Harold’s rule was pockmarked by raids against Denmark, iron-fisted rule and intimidation by fear of his own people of Norway, and the attempted expansion of his empire into Britain (Sturuson 2005, 9). Harold was brutal to his enemies and dealt ruthlessly with any opposition to him. His inhumanity to his people was even glorified in poem. In the words of the poet Thjodolf (Sturuson 2005, 161): Resourceful King Harold Punishes pride in his subjects; The king’s guilty men Pay a heavy penalty. The punishment they get Is earned by their misdeeds; Each man gets his due deserts; Harold dispenses justice. Like most rulers of the time, Harold was very generous to those whom he saw as his friends or allies, but ruled his subjects with an iron fist. When King Magnus of Denmark died, Harold had his eye trained on subj ugating all of Denmark to Norwegian rule-- his rule. His actions toward the Danish people best illustrates the ruthlessness that King Harold had in his heart when he wanted to subjugate a people to his rule. As he took his Norwegian army southward into Denmark, raiding and plundering all that he could take, and stealing the wealth of the Danes to take back to Norway with him, without even subjugating Denmark. He continued to plunder Denmark each summer thereafter, in order to terrorize the people of Denmark and to establish his dominance over them (Sturluson 2005, 81). Harold killed hundreds, and the corpses piled upon each other and the Danes trembled each year in anticipation of his plundering and brutality he brought to the people. Of course, there were battles against other Kings of other lands. King Svein of Denmark was constantly at battle with Harold of Norway. But how Harold treated his subjects is more interesting to the causal historian such as this writer. Of course, all rulers were inhumane towards their

Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vietnam War - Essay Example In U.S. eyes, the Vietnamese were a passive and uninformed people, totally unready for self government" (Herring, 13). A survey of New York Times articles published during the First Indochina War revealed that the U.S. foreign policy analysis, media and public overwhelmingly concentrated on the French perspective of the conflict. Little attention was given to the Vietminh perspective or to the perspective of the French backed government of South Vietnam. This viewpoint continued until 1949 when China's civil war ended and the Communist took control of China. Shortly after taking control Mao Zedong, the Communist leader acknowledged the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and the Soviet Union quickly followed suit. After that, the U.S. media placed a greater emphasis on Cold War rhetoric when dealing with Vietnam. As noted, the Cold War mindset permeated much of American culture during this time period; "it was an age of ideological consensus, and this was true above all in foreign p olicy" (Hallin, 50). At the conclusion of the First Indochina War, the U.S. ... From 1957-1961 the U.S. attention shifted heavily on Vietnam's fate in relation to the turmoil in Laos and Cambodi as well as to the Soviet threat. This perception dominated the public opinion, media and U.S. foreign policy well into President John F. Kennedy's Administration. THE VIETNAM WAR (1955-1975): ANALYSIS OF EVENTS On August 5, 1964, Congress considered the Southeast Asia Resolution, commonly called the "Gulf of Tonkin Resolution" (Johnson, 118). After two days of debate it passed the Senate by a vote of 88-2 and the House by a resounding 416-0 (Johnson, 118). It was a resolution to deliberately allow the United States a broad hand in protecting peace and security in Southeast Asia. A second section asserted that "peace and security in southeast Asia" was vital to American national security and therefore the president, acting in accord with the Charter of the United Nations and as a member of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), would "take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force," to assist member states of SEATO "in defense of [their] freedom" (Young, 109). Finally, the resolution would expire when the president determined "peace and security had returned to the area" (Young, 109). It could also be terminated by a subsequent congressional resolution. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 Marines landed at Da Nang. In May the first United States Army units arrived (Westmoreland, 124). With air attacks against both North and South Vietnam being launched from bases in the South, airfields were a logical target for forces from the National Liberation Front, the Communist guerrillas fighting against the South Vietnamese, and no one placed much confidence in the protection from the forces of the Army of the Republic

Marketing Concepts Essay Example for Free

Marketing Concepts Essay Therefore the customer wins and so does nokia, as nokia once again are satisfying the need of support their customers request and In Conclusion, Marketing isn’t just a posh name for selling; in fact selling is part of the marketing component. It is the process of communicating; selling is the delivery of a product to the potential customer, converting them into actual customers. Whilst it can be assumed that marketing is a posh name for selling, the difference that separates both areas is evident through simple definition and actual process. In order to sell, the consumer must want, need and afford the product, therefore without the process of research, development and catering to the consumers needs, (Marketing) Selling would not be as profitable. An organisation that fails to provide marketing will allow itself to be a business that is hoping to simply sell its products by having it available, assuming the consumers will purchase its product. Whereas an organisation that adapts the marketing concept, caters for the consumer’s wants, needs, price range, customer service, through the research of its objective and the development of these objectives, along with achieving the business goals of the calculated profit it ‘Intends’ to make prior sale. Using the example of Nokia, it is clearly evident that an organisation can only obtain worldwide success through the power of marketing. Should Nokia simply release products to a store without communicating with its consumers, the organisation would be no better off than a market stall that is ‘attempting’ to Sell its products. Instead, Nokia markets its brands and as a result has successfully pre sold its brand with complete knowledge of its consumers wants and needs. For example Nokia markets and provides products for its Personal and Business consumers where as an organisation selling phones, would simply have a range ‘for sale’. Finally, marketing is the process of identifying a need and communicating a message relating to satisfaction of the need through a product to its customer. The marketing process informs the market of who you are and what you do, whilst the sales process begins when a formal offer for services has been made, and concludes when the offer is accepted or rejected. In Conclusion, Marketing isn’t just a posh name for selling; in fact selling is part of the marketing component. An organisation can improve its marketing activities through implementing the marketing concept as this will: * Develop key competencies of knowledge, experience, commitment and communications * Develop strategies through overcoming areas of weakness or threats by competitors through understanding the needs/wants of their customers * Maintain the organisations vision, focus is crucial for the development of objectives and the achievement of these objectives * Allows an organisation to Define, Develop and Deliver Customer Value which in turn will create greater customer loyalty leading to profit creation