Personal Statement The Nightingale Pledge Essay

I solemnly pledge myself before God and in the presence of this assembly, to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. I will abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous, and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession, and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling. With loyalty will I endeavor to aid the physician in his work, and devote myself to the welfare of those committed to my care. (American Nurses Association, 2016) Most nurses today will recognize the above quotation as The Nightingale Pledge. The nursing community has used this pledge as a Hippocratic oath since its creation in 1893 by Lystra Gretter (American Nurses Association, 2016). In most instances nursing students, nearing the end of nursing school, hear this pledge mentioned numerous times a nd repeat these words on graduation night. Upon graduation, and swearing the above quotation, many new graduate nurses have no idea what their personal philosophy of nursing is and therefore take the above pledge and mold their philosophy around what is already known. That is true for me in my own practice. Upon standing on stage on graduation night in front of my family, friends, and the community I would care for I was unsure of what my philosophy of nursing was. Now, two years and manyShow MoreRelatedWhen Is It Ok to Break Confidentiality?1232 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Oath lays the ethical foundation for the physician’s duty of confidentiality even beyond the circumstances of medical care. The Florence Nightingale Pledge, which was composed in 1893, was a modification of the â€Å"Hippocratic Oath,† a statement of the ethics and principles of the nursing profession. Included in the pledge is to hold in confidence all personal matters. Today we have the Health Insur ance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which was passed by Congress in 1996. One of the regulationsRead MoreThe Code And The Deontological Decision Making Model962 Words   |  4 PagesThe first version of the code of ethics was named after Florence Nightingale in 1893. Designed after medicine’s Hippocratic Oath, the author, Lystra Gretter, believed that Florence Nightingale exemplified the â€Å"highest ideals of nursing† (Fowler, 2010, p. xiii) and wrote the â€Å"Florence Nightingale Pledge† in her honor. To this day, nursing schools all over the country, recite this, or similar versions at, at graduation. This public expression of nursing’s values, commitments, and duties was the foundationRead MoreShould Nurses Participate A Active Euthanasia?1516 Words   |  7 PagesAlso, if they are encouraging patients to obtain this vaccine they should practice what they preach and better themselves also. Nurses being required to receive the influenza vaccination each year is ANA supported. Provision 5.2 on â€Å"Promotion of Personal Health, Safety, and Well-Being† supports my argument of nurses being required to get the yearly vaccine. They state how the well-being of the nurse is old in ethic traditions but new in the Code of Ethics. Basically, the nurse’s health should beRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath For Nurses Naming It The Nightingale Pledge2026 Words   |  9 Pages1893, Mrs. Lystra E. Gretter composed an adaption of the Hippocratic Oath for nurses naming it the Nightingale Pledge. Part of this pledge reads: I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession, and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling. (Florence Nightingale Pledge, 2012) Although the times have changed, the important of maintaining patient confidentiality andRead MoreConfidentiality in the Moral Community of Nursing700 Words   |  3 Pagesresponsibility has been ingrained in the nursing profession since the 1893 with the Nightingale Pledge (CNA, 2003; McGowan, 2012). The obligation to protect confidential information is only exempt when required by law or when there is serious risk of harm to the person or others (CNA, 2003; McGowan, 2012). In regards to the above situation it is inappropriate for nurses to seek out or access information for their own personal reasons and by doing so the nurses acted against the regulations of their nationalRead MoreAccredation Audit2520 Words   |  11 PagesAccreditation Audit Task 2 Sentinel Event Western Governors University Accreditation Audit Task 2 Sentinel Event Nightingale is a well establish Community Hospital, which has been servicing the community by providing excellent, and compassionate healthcare provides for their patients’ needs. There values statement pledge to themselves and the community, is a commitment to four core values the first being Safety with the quote â€Å"We put our patients first†. A1 Sentinel Event As definedRead MoreBecoming A Doctor Or A Nurse2620 Words   |  11 Pageslife and personal life. Dyson noted five characteristics of caring most often described which are â€Å"human trait, moral imperative, an effect, an interpersonal interaction, and a therapeutic intervention† (Dalpezzo, 2009, pg.259). My Definition and Mission of Nursing My definition of nursing is someone who has the ability to care for another individual physically and emotionally. As a nurse I do not feel it is right to pass judgement of any kind towards any patient. I support this statement by sayingRead MoreCode of Ethics for Nurses Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesGovernance The American Nurses Association (ANA) is a national professional association. State law, rules, and regulations govern the practice of nursing, while the Code of Ethics guides nurses in the application of their professional skills and personal responsibilities. ANA is the only full- service professional organization representing the nation’s 2.9 million Registered Nurses through its 54 constituent member associations. ANA advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursingRead MoreThe Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nursing2525 Words   |  10 Pagesway to the beginning of time. The women and men who delivered babies and took care of the sick were primitive to the nursing practice. However, the first documented code of ethics that were accepted by the majority of people was the, the pledge of Florence nightingale (T, ANA,, pg. xiii). The first code of ethics help print out a blueprint for years to come as we strived to be recognized. As time went on meeti ngs were arranged that help pan out the future of nursing code of ethics (T, ANA,, pg. 125)Read MoreNursing Manager Role Essay4395 Words   |  18 Pageslicensing, certification, continuing education, value requirements, skill requirements, options in the employment setting; issues of concern; and future projections. Based on the informed understanding of the nurse manager role new insights, personal strengths, and personal challenges that are envisioned for a nurse assimilating to this role will be provided. Introduction Leadership is an integral part of nursing. Grossman and Valiga suggest that leadership is not necessarily tied to a position

Relationship Between Drug And Crime - 1050 Words

Is There a Relationship between drug and crime? Is there a relationship between drug and crime? My topic is deliberately based on whether or not there is a relationship between drug crime. My reasoning and facts should persuade you to believe that crime drug are related. My essay will have quotes, facts, and reasoning, which will all revolve on my essential question. Drug related offenses and a drug-using lifestyle are major contributors to the U.S crime problem. Provisional data from 1991 show that among adult respondents ( 18-49 ), those who use cannabis (marijuana ) or cocaine were much more likely to commit crimes. The reportings of the use of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine during 1991, 26.1% also `report that they committed†¦show more content†¦People who commit violent offenses while under the influence of drugs, particularly alcohol. Drunkenness is associated with a majority of murders, manslaughters, stabbing half of domestic assaults. Violence involving drug- dealers who may clash of rival gangs or be violent towards drug dealers who owe them money. According to the Bureau of Prisons, there are 207,847 people incarcerated in federal prisons. Roughly ( 48.69 ) are in for drug offenses. According to the Bureau of justice statistics, there are 1,358,875 people in state prisons of them, 16% have a drug crime as their most serious offense.Drug abuse is implicated in at least three types of drug-related offenses: (1) offenses defined by drug possession or sales, (2) offenses directly related to drug abuse (e.g., stealing to get money for drugs), and (3) offenses related to a lifestyle that predisposes the drug abuser to engage in illegal activity, for example, through association with other offenders or with illicit markets. Individuals who use illicit drugs are more likely to commit crimes, and it is common for many offenses, including violent crimes, to be committed by individuals who had used drugs or alcohol prior to committing the crime, or who were using at the time of the offense. According to 2012 statistics from the Department of Justice’s (DOJ’s) Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the total correctionalShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Drugs and Crime3456 Words   |  14 PagesThe Relationship between Drugs and Crime Sandra Lynn Manela CRJ308: Psychology of Criminal Behavior Currie Gauvreau January 21, 2012 The Relationship between Drugs and Crime There are two major factors facing the Criminal Justice system: crime and drugs. Crime has many faces and comes in all forms from petty theft to serial murders. Possession of illegal drugs is also against the law. If drugs are against the law to have in possession, it is also called a crime. Crimes do not have toRead MoreThe Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Crime Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Drugs and Alcohol abuse†, are phrases we hear commonly on the radio, television or in discussions of social problems. People believe it is the user’s personal choice however; it is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects individuals’ life but is a major social problem that affects society as whole. It has become one of the biggest problems in United States today. Alcohol or Drug abuse nearly automatically is linked with criminal acts. The statistical association between alcoholRead MoreThe Drug Crime Link Between Crime And Crime1135 Wor ds   |  5 Pagesthat illegal drugs and addiction to illegal drugs, in general, is the cause of a significant proportion of crime (Seddon, 2000). This idea has exerted an increasingly strong hold on drug policies around the world (Bean, 2008), including New Zealand. The drug-crime link refers to the argument that crime is one of, if not the major, consequent problems of drug use (Bean, 2008), essentially, crime is a problem that arises from drug use and drug use can arise from crime also. Drugs and crime are consistentlyRead MoreThe Nature Of Youth Crime877 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the nature of youth crime in Australia? Youth crime is the crime committed by juvenile offenders. It is the common issue in Australia. The age group between 14-19 years old is the popular group of youth crime. (News 2013) Different age groups commit different types of crimes. (The youth court 2009) Also, there are many kinds of crime and crime method in the society, such as, drug offences, robbery, burglary, assault and violent offenses. The group of people who crime together that is called criminalRead MoreShould Drug Legalization Increase The Crime Rate?863 Words   |  4 PagesWill drug legalization increase the crime rate in our society? The issue of drug legalization in the United State is a complex one not only because crime related to drug abuse in the United States has fluctuated considerably over the past thirty years and that policy makers haven’t find an effective way to address this issue, but also because public polls about marijuana legalization has experienced dramatic shift. A recent survey conducted about marijuana legalization in the U.S found out thatRead MoreWhat Factors Affect Crime Occurrence? Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Oxford Dictionary crime is an action or omission which constitutes an offense and is punishable by law . Throughout the decade’s crime has been viewed differently and punished in an unjust way. It was not until the mid-18th century that individuals started to study what is now known as criminology. A main concept of criminology is what is crime and why does it occur. Crime happens every single day for many different reasons that are hard to expla in. Today many people accept thatRead MoreLegalizing Drugs And The United States Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing drugs in the United States would lead to great trouble for the country affecting all citizens. Legalizing drugs will cause chaos among Americans. Edmund Harnett a deputy chief and executive officer wrote an article, â€Å"Drug legalization: why it wouldn’t work in the United States.† Harnett is also involved in the narcotics division of the New York police department. William J. Bennett the director of the national drug control policy wrote a heavy article, â€Å"Drug Policy and the IntellectualsRead MoreI.What Is A Theory?. 1.Criminology Is The Scientific Study1600 Words   |  7 Pagesa theory? 1. Criminology is the scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior. a. Correlation and Cause: Correlation is the relationship between two variables that tend to move in the same direction. Causation is the relationship in which a change in one variable creates a recognizable change in another variable. For example, many criminals are drug abusers but drug abuse does not cause crime because not everyone who abuses drugs is a criminal. b. The Role of Theory: CriminologistsRead MoreThe Drugs Relationship : Exploring Dynamic And Static Models943 Words   |  4 PagesIn her article â€Å"The Drugs Relationship: Exploring Dynamic and Static Models,† Lesley Williams Reid examines the relationship between drugs and crime by looking at offenders’ environment. For example she surveyed 835 men in four different cities, which lead her to make her own theories which was that criminals had committed their first crime at an early age and drug users also started at an early age (Reid, 2001). The weakness in Reid article is that she based her research on male inmates in maximumRead MoreCorrelation Between The Locations Of Known Gang Members And Drug Violations1557 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question Is there a spatial relationship between the locations of known gang members and drug violations? Analysis It is expected, based on social disorganization theory, that census tracts with high concentrations of gang members will also be high in disorganization. As seen in figure 1 this will be established by creating a contour line hot spot of gang member locations and drug violations overlaid on a map showing social disorganization. Social disorganization will be based on low

Exposure To Social Violence - 1134 Words

To our knowledge, this is the first study in Tunisia and North Africa that explores the relationship between exposure to social violence and the adverse obstetrical outcomes. Our results demonstrate that exposure to social violence, which happened during the first 18 years of a woman’s life, influence her later life and wellbeing including her reproductive health, pointed out in our analysis as preterm birth, low birth weight, and acute fetal distress. The more social ACEs that women experienced, the greater were their risks of presenting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results showed that exposure to social ACEs and negative pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight and fetal distress) were not mediated by mental health status of the pregnant†¦show more content†¦We extend this body of literature to show that exposure to a wide variety of social violence, including exposure to collective as well as peer and community violence, was not only associated with depression durin g pregnancy, but also predicted birth outcomes. Regarding collective violence, there is growing evidence of increasing mental health problems among children living in conditions of war and military violence (50). In fact, two studies conducted among Palestinian children showed that children living in war zones are at high risk of developing different types of psychopathology, predominantly post-traumatic stress disorder, which is commonly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders mainly major depression (51,52). However, our study is the first to assess the impact of exposure to all forms of social violence, including collective violence, on the fetal development of children. It is well established that the mother’s mental health status is tightly linked to the pregnancy outcomes and the postnatal period. Some studies (53,18 ,55) have has demonstrated that women with prenatal depressive disorders are more likely to have pregnancy complications such as low birth weight infants, and preterm delivery in comparison with women without such prenatal depressive disorders. Seng et al. (56) have shown that there is an association between PTSD and the adverse pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight and preterm birth) and that the effect is much more marked among womenShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence 979 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult partners. Sadly, it has been estimated that every year between 3.3 and ten million children are exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). Accordi ng to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr (1999): â€Å"Exposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to intervene or callingRead MoreEffects of Violence on Adolescence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence is a malicious act done by a human being that has the intention of harming or killing another living being. Violence is everywhere: in the home, in the school, and in the community. Violence causes negative effects to humans’ mental health. These negative effects may trigger symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and even anxiety. Symptoms of these disorders can be some of the following: anxiousness, avoidant behavior, feeling a loss of motivation, and feeling of uneasinessRead MoreLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence948 Words   |  4 PagesLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence effects everybody in a family. Patterns of abuse from one parent to another, between both parents or directed toward a child all have a composite effect of inflicting potentially severe emotional damage upon the child. The research outlined here identifies domestic violence as a serious sociological problem and consequently provides a usable definition of domestic violence for the present study. This is followedRead MoreSocial Aggression : Interpersonal Relationships, Social Goals, And Self Image1137 Words   |  5 PagesSocial aggression harms one’s interpersonal relationships, social goals, and self-image. As Crick, Bigbee and Howes’s survey (1996, as cited in Martins Wilsons, 2012) showed, the social aggression is more frequently used among girls, since it can effectively damage girls’ social goals. Two theoretical explanations are provided for social aggression: social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2009, as cited in Martins Wilsons, 2012) and information processing theory (Huesmann, 1998, as cited in MartinsRead MoreThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence854 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult intimate partners. It has been estimated that every year there are about 3.3 to 10 million children exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). According to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr(1999): â€Å"[e]xposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to intervene or callingRead MoreEssay about The Media And Violence979 Words   |  4 Pages The debate regarding the medias relationship to violence in society has been a hot issue for most of the past century. From the beginning of the wide use of mass media, from films to radio to television, researchers have tried to explain any association or correlation between media effects and violence. Of particular interest and concern has been the issue of violence in the media and the impact that this has on children. Although important research efforts have increased our understanding ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Today s Society1518 Words   |  7 Pagesincludes social media websites such as Twitter and Instagram, movies, television, and news broadcasting programs. Television, however, plays arguably the largest role in influencing adolescents in today’s society. According to Marina Krcmar and Kathryn Green, â€Å"Viewing of violent television and interest in television violence has been linked to a host of antisocial behaviors such as increased aggr ession, decreased sensitivity to violence and the suffering experienced by the victims of violence, and anRead MoreBandura s Social Learning Theory And Attachment Theory1260 Words   |  6 PagesQuestions 1: Social Learning Theory and Attachment Theory Bandura’s social learning theory and Bowlby’s attachment theory. Each of these theories has similarities and distinctions regarding the mechanisms that underlie the impact of child abuse. This essay will examine these competing theories to determine which mechanisms are most strongly supported for families at high risk for child abuse and/or neglect (Begle, Dumas Hanson, 2010). Social Learning Theory Social learning theory suggests thatRead MoreLiterature Review On Media Violence1461 Words   |  6 PagesTrends across research suggest exposure to media violence positively correlates with subsequent violent behaviour In this era of internet connectivity, access to an array of violent media stimuli is readily available. Scientific exploration of the effects of such exposure on real world violent behaviour carries potential ramifications for the safety of global communities. Media violence is understood here as stimuli that includes depictions of violence or calls to violent action andRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can also

Accommodation Food Services Industry Sheet -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Accommodation Food Services Industry Sheet? Answer: Introduction Marketing is considered as the basic pillar of any business organisation and the primary determinant of the success of an organisation regardless of the industry it operates in. The marketing process of a business is controlled by two major environmental factors that are internal and external. Internal environment of an organisation is consisted of the primary stakeholders involved, whereas, the external environment can again be divided into two major segments that are micro and macro (Kumar, Rahman Kazmi, 2013). The report will be focusing on the macro environmental factors that are considered as uncontrollable as the managers are unable to modify or regulate the macro environmental factors. These factors plays active role in determining the success of a business. The managers are responsible for altering the business operations accordingly to the external forces for attaining competitive advantage in the market. The focus will be given on the contemporary hospitality industry of A ustralia. The forces that will be investigated are political and legal, social-cultural, economic, technological, demographic and competition (Gupta, 2013). The focus of the report will be narrowed down to the hotel industry of Australia that is the primary part of the contemporary hospitality industry for better understanding the forces and its impact on the organisations. Macro Environmental Analysis Macro environmental analysis is the study of the external uncontrollable forces that determines the competitiveness of an organisation in a particular market. Managers often uses PESTLE analysis tool for understanding the possible nature of the macro environment. The PESTLE stands for political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental factors (Ho, 2014). However, managers changes the components according to their requirement of knowledge. The domestic and international factors that will be used for understanding the macro environment of contemporary hospitality industry of Australia are Demographic, economic, competition, society and culture, political and legal and technology. Demographic Slow but steady demographic change in the Australian population resulted into multiculturalism. There is a significant rise in the Asian and Middle Eastern population within Australian brings considerably change in the culture and shifts the taste towards a multicultural approach (Hugo, 2013). This makes it necessary for the hospitality organisation to take similar approach for being competitive. However, this facilitates them in addressing a multicultural international tourist. Hence, requirement of both the primary target population becomes similar. However, it makes it difficult for the organisations to cope up with the change, as it is cost effective. Economic Purchasing power per capita of Australian population reflects a figure of $44414 USD that is significantly high and represents the disposable income of the population (tradingeconomics.com, 2018). This represents a stable economic condition of Australian population, which is beneficial for the hospitality industry. Moreover, economic growth of the world provides suitable situation for the Australian hospitality organisation to flourish in the present and upcoming years. Competition Competition in the hospitality industry is considerably high due to the presence of greater number competitors in the market. Moreover, the similar services provided to the customers increases the tension in the competition. This tension increased in recent times due to the expansion of the international organisation in the Australian territory. Society and Culture The industry has to entertain a large number of international customers that can be considered as the primary source of profit along with significant domestic travellers. Moreover, increasing globalisation resulting into cross-cultural population requires the organisations for setting international customer service and accommodation (Yu, Byun Lee, 2014). On to it, the constantly changing trend in the customers lifestyle demanding constant modification of the service provided. This put Australian hospitality organisation under severe pressure for copping up with the shift in trend for gaining competitive advantage. Political and Legal Stable political scenario has positive impact on the contemporary hospitality industry of Australia and supported in attraction of international travellers. Australian commonwealth government has set some key legislative acts that governs the service quality of the industry that are competition and consumer act 2010, Australian consumer law and National trade measurement legislation (business.gov.au, 2018). CCA communicates the relationship between all the mediators of hospitality service provides securing the fair-trading and competition around the nation (accc.gov.au, 2018). Australian consumer law makes it mandatory for the hospitality organisation to provide equal benefits to the customers irrespective of state (consumerlaw.gov.au, 2018). National measurement act lastly safeguards the uniform use of the units and standards around the country, which provides equal opportunity for the hospitality organisation that ultimately ensures the quality of the products delivered to the cust omers (measurement.gov.au, 2018). Moreover, GST and tax concessions set by the government ensures fair price for the products being delivered that ensures fair competition in the market. Technology Technological adaptation in hospitality industry is dependent on the technological advancement of the target customers and the willingness to pay for the services. Australia is one of the holiday destinations for the international customers that put the hospitality organisation under pressure for constantly upgrading their technological support for getting competitive advantage in the market (Wang et al, 2016). This requires them to set international standards for their technological adaptation for both attracting and supporting the customers needs. On to it, their promotion and booking is also largely dependent on the modern technology and requires the use of social networking, online activities, online presence and involvement of third party booking agencies (Leung et al, 2013). Moreover, the technological advancement of the domestic market also expects the organisations to adopt updated technologies in their business operations. Conclusion The above macro environmental analysis of Australia for the contemporary hospitality industry communicates the appropriate nature of the market enjoyed by the organisations. The political and legal factors promote and entertain tourism within Australia that plays profitable for the hospitality industry. The fair act of the nation ensures the quality of services provided by the organisations. This helps the organisations enjoy similar benefits for the similar quality products being delivered to the customers. Moreover, technological advancement of the country also facilitates in attracting customers from both national and international target market. Technological advancement further helps adopting digital media marketing, which further helps in addressing the international customers as the services offered are communicated through various digital modes to its target market. Moreover, technological integration in the business helps both serving the customers with greater efficiency an d understanding their experiences through online feedback system. The society and culture also have positive impact and facilitates the industry to grow over the market. This however, has a negative stance due to the multiculturalism. The multicultural customers create the need of having diversified products for addressing the diversified need. However, with increasing number of international organisation expanding their reach in the Australian market facilitates in creating competitive market. The economic and demographic factors on the other hand help reducing the tension and provide the customers a wide range of products and services that helps every organisation to have its share in the market. Reference accc.gov.au. (2018). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://www.accc.gov.au/about-us/australian-competition-consumer-commission/legislation business.gov.au. (2018). Accommodation and food services industry fact sheet. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/industry-research/accommodation-and-food-services-industry-fact-sheet consumerlaw.gov.au. (2018).Resources and guides Australian Consumer Law. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://consumerlaw.gov.au/business-and-the-acl/ Gupta, A. (2013). Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment.Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities,1(2), 13-17. Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), 6478-6492. Hugo, G. (2013). The changing demographics of Australia over the last 30 years.Australasian journal on ageing,32(S2), 18-27. Kumar, V., Rahman, Z., Kazmi, A. A. (2013). Sustainability marketing strategy: an analysis of recent literature.Global Business Review,14(4), 601-625. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H., Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 3-22. measurement.gov.au. (2018). Measurement Legislation. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://measurement.gov.au/measurementsystem/Pages/MeasurementLegislation.aspx tradingeconomics.com. (2018). Australia GDP per capita PPP. Retrieved 27 January 2018, from https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-per-capita-ppp Wang, Y. S., Li, H. T., Li, C. R., Zhang, D. Z. (2016). Factors affecting hotels' adoption of mobile reservation systems: A technology-organization-environment framework.Tourism Management,53, 163-172. Yu, Y., Byun, W. H., Lee, T. J. (2014). Critical issues of globalisation in the international hotel industry.Current Issues in Tourism,17(2), 114-118.